A review of 74 studies suggests adventurous outdoor play is associated with stronger physical and mental health, social skills and cognitive development in children.
A large international review has found that children who are given more chances to play outdoors in adventurous ways tend to show better physical and mental health, along with stronger social and cognitive development, according to researchers from the University of Exeter and the University of British Columbia.
The study, published in PLOS One and described by the University of Exeter as the biggest international analysis yet on risky play, drew together findings from 74 studies conducted around the world. The researchers looked at children aged three to 12 and examined links between adventurous play and outcomes including physical health, mental well-being, aggression, social skills, thinking ability, risk competence and injury.
The activities counted as adventurous or risky play ranged from speeding downhill on a bicycle and climbing trees to paddling in streams, using tools and rough-and-tumble play. The researchers also found that independent mobility, or the freedom for children to go out without direct adult supervision, was associated with higher levels of physical activity.
Helen Dodd, who leads the Outdoor Play Research Centre at the University of Exeter, said children need opportunities to explore risks rather than having every rough edge removed from their play. Speaking to the university, she said the challenge is to balance safety with experiences that allow children to learn, make mistakes and build confidence. She also said more research is needed to determine whether risky play directly causes better health outcomes, rather than simply being associated with them.
Child development experts have long argued that outdoor play supports children’s growth in other ways as well. The American Academy of Pediatrics says time outside can help with motor development, creativity and impulse control, while research cited by UCLA Health links outdoor activity to problem-solving, focus and social skills. The Exeter team’s findings add to that evidence by suggesting that the benefits may be strongest when children are not only outdoors, but are also trusted to take manageable risks.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical judgment, advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
