A new review reveals that despite the proven effectiveness of maternal RSV vaccination in preventing severe infant illness, uneven uptake across countries and communities risks limiting its public health impact, prompting calls for targeted efforts to close coverage gaps.
Vaccination against respiratory syncytial virus during pregnancy can cut the risk of severe illness in young babies by about 74 per cent, but a new review suggests that many countries are still failing to reach enough expectant mothers to capture the full public health benefit.
The review, led by researchers from the University of Edinburgh and the University of Granada, combined findings from more than 4 million pregnancies across 16 studies published between 2023 and 2025. It found that while maternal RSV immunisation can protect infants from birth, coverage has remained patchy, with lower uptake among some ethnic and socio-economic groups, younger mothers and families with poorer access to healthcare.
The data also underline wide differences between countries. In the UK, where the programme was introduced in September 2024, the highest recorded coverage in Scotland reached 62 per cent in October 2025, while England peaked at 58 per cent in August 2025. By contrast, the United States had one of the lowest estimated uptake rates, at 27 per cent in the first year after maternal RSV vaccination became available.
Public health experts say the figures matter because timing is crucial. The vaccine appears to work best when given at least two weeks before birth, and the US Centres for Disease Control and Prevention recommends administering it between 32 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. The CDC says the Pfizer vaccine used in the programme offers protection for about six months after birth, and also advises the use of nirsevimab, a long-acting antibody, for infants whose mothers did not receive the jab.
The review adds reassuring safety data as well. Among more than 16,000 pregnancies analysed, researchers found no evidence that vaccination between 32 and 35 weeks increased the risk of preterm birth. Dr Ting Shi of the University of Edinburgh said the findings support both the effectiveness and safety of maternal RSV vaccination, but warned that access remains the next challenge. Dr Kimberly Marsh of Public Health Scotland said the evidence showed protection is reaching babies, but not evenly across communities.
Researchers say the findings should help governments and health systems refine rollout plans as more countries adopt maternal RSV vaccination, either on its own or alongside infant immunisation. They argue that targeted outreach, stronger supply chains and policies designed to close coverage gaps will be essential if the programme is to deliver on its promise of preventing hospitalisations and deaths in the first months of life.
Disclaimer: This content is for informational purposes only and is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical judgment, advice, diagnosis, or treatment.
